Publications

2017

Chenausky K, Norton A, Schlaug G. Auditory-Motor Mapping Training in a More Verbal Child with AutismFrontiers in Human Neuroscience 2017; doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00426. [PDF]

Chenausky K, Kernbach J, Norton A, Schlaug G. White Matter Integrity and Treatment-Based Change in Speech Performance in Minimally Verbal Children with Autism Spectrum DisorderFrontiers in Human Neuroscience 2017; doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00175. [PDF]

Paquette S, Fujii S, Li H C, Schlaug G. The cerebellum's contribution to beat interval discriminationNeuroimage 2017; doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.09.017. [PDF]

Rogenmoser L, Kernbach J, Schlaug G, Gaser C. Keeping brains young with making musicBrain Structure and function 2017; doi:10.1007/s00429-017-1491-2. [PDF]

2016

Chenausky K, Norton A, Tager-Flusberg H, Schlaug G. Auditory-Motor Mapping Training: The Effects of a Novel Speech Treatment Compared to a Control Treatment for Minimally Verbal Children with Autism Plos One 2016; 11(11):e0164930; doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164930. [PDF]

Byblow W, Schlaug G, Wittenberg G. What's the Perfect Dose for Practice to Make Perfect? Annals of Neurology 2016. Editorial. [PDF]

Segal JB, Bouffard MA, Schlaug G. Characteristic Neuroimaging Abnormalities of Korsakoff Syndrome Journal of the American Medical Association Neurology 2016; 73. [PDF]

Zheng X, Dai W, Alsop DC, Schlaug G. Modulating transcallosal and intra-hemispheric brain connectivity with tDCS: Implications for interventions in Aphasia Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience 2016; 34:519-530. [PDF]

Pani E, Zheng X, Wang J, Norton A, Schlaug G. Right hemisphere structures predict post stroke speech fluency Neurology 2016; 86:1-8. [PDF]

Doughty C, Wang J, Feng W, Hackney D, Pani E, Schlaug G. Detection and predictive value of fractional anisotropy changes of the corticospinal tract in the acute phase of a stroke Stroke 2016; 47:1520-1526 [PDF]

Chen JL, Schlaug G. Increased resting state connectivity between ipsilesional motor cortex and contralesional premotor cortex after transcranial direct current stimulation with physical therapy Scientific Reports 2016; 6:23271 [PDF]

Sachs ME, Ellis RJ, Schlaug G, Loui P. Brain connectivity reflects human aesthetic responses to music. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 2016; 1-8. [PDF]

2015

Feng W, Wang J, Chhatbar PY, Doughty C, Landsittel D, Lioutas VA, Kautz SA, Schlaug G. Corticospinal tract lesion load: An imaging biomarker for stroke motor outcomes Annals of Neurology 2015; 78:860-870. [PDF]

Altenmüller E, Schlaug G. Apollo's gift: new aspects of neurologic music therapy. Progress in Brain Research 2015; 217:237-252. [PDF]

Ellis RJ, Ng YS, Zhu S, Tan DM, Anderson B, Schlaug G. A Validated Smartphone-Based Assessment of Gait and Gait Variability in Parkinson's Disease PLoS ONE 2015; 10(10): e0141694; doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141694. [PDF]

Zheng X, Schlaug G. Structural white matter changes in descending motor tracts correlate with improvements in motor impairment after undergoing a treatment course of tDCS and physical therapy Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2015; 9:229; doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00229. [PDF]

Thompson WF, Schlaug G. The Healing Power of Music. New therapies are using rhythm, beat, and melody to help patients with brain disorders recover language, hearing, motion, and emotion Scientific American Mind; March/April 2015, pp 33-40. [PDF]

Schlaug G. Musicians and music making as a model for the study of brain plasticity In: Eckart Altenmüller, Stanley Finger, François Boller, editors: Music, Neurology, and Neuroscience: Evolution, the Musical Brain, Medical Conditions, and Therapies, Vol 217, PBR, UK: Elsevier, 2015, pp 37-55 [PDF]

Altenmuller E, Schlaug G. Apollo’s gift: new aspects of neurologic music therapy In: Eckart Altenmüller, Stanley Finger, François Boller, editors: Music, Neurology, and Neuroscience: Evolution, the Musical Brain, Medical Conditions, and Therapies, Vol 217, PBR, UK: Elsevier, 2015, pp 237-252. [PDF]

2014

Wan CY, Zheng X, Marchina S, Norton A, Schlaug G. Intensive therapy induces contralateral white matter changes in chronic stroke patients with Broca's aphasia Brain & Language 2014; 136:1-7. [PDF]

Teismann H, Wollbrink A, Okamoto H, Schlaug G, Rudack C, Pantev C. Combining Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Tailor-Made Notched Music Training to Decrease Tinnitus-Related Distress - A Pilot Study PLoS One 2014; 9(2):e89904; doi.10.1371/journal.pone.0089904. [PDF]

2013

Wang J, Marchina S, Norton AC, Wan CY, Schlaug G. Predicting speech fluency and naming abilities in aphasic patients Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2013; doi.10.3389/fnhum.2013.00831. [PDF]

Fujii S, Schlaug G. The Harvard Beat Deafness Test (H-BAT): a battery for assessing beat perception and production and their dissociation Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2013; doi.10.3389/fnhum.2013.00771. [PDF]

Chen J, Schlaug G. Resting state interhemispheric motor connectivity and white matter integrity correlate with motor impairment in chronic stroke Frontiers in Neurology 2013; doi: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00178. [PDF]

Loui P, Bachorik JP, Li HC, Schlaug G. Effects of voice on emotional arousal Frontiers in Psychology 2013; doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00675. [PDF]

2012

Loui P, Zamm A, Schlaug G. Enhanced Functional Networks in Absolute Pitch Neuroimage 2012; 63(2):632-640. [PDF] [Cover Art]

Wan CY, Schlaug G. (2012). Brain plasticity induced by musical training. In D.Deutsch (Ed). The Psychology of Music (pp.565-575). London. Academic Press.

Ruber T, Schlaug G, Lindinberg R. Compensatory role of the cortico-rubro-spinal tract in motor recovery after stroke Neurology 2012; 79:515-522. [PDF]

Zipse L, Norton A, Marchina S, Schlaug G. When right is all that is left: plasticity of right-hemisphere tracts in a young aphasic patient Ann NY Acad Sci 2012;1252:237-245. [PDF]

Wan CY, Marchina S, Norton A, Schlaug G. Atypical hemisphere asymmetry in the arcuate fasciculus of completely nonverbal children with autism Ann NY Acad Sci 2012;1252:332-337. [PDF]

Loui P, Schlaug G. Impaired learning of event frequencies in tone deafness Ann NY Acad Sci 2012;1252:354-380. [PDF]

Ellis RJ, Norton AC, Overy K, Winner E, Alsop DC, Schlaug G. Differentiating maturational and training influences on fMRI activation during music processing Neuroimage 2012;60:1902-1912. [PDF]

Lindenberg R, Zhu LL, Schlaug G. Combined Central and Peripheral Stimulation to Facilitate Motor Recovery After Stroke: The Effect of Number of Sessions on Outcome Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2012; doi:10.1177/1545968311427568. [PDF]

2011

Nair DG, Renga V, Lindenberg R, Zhu L, Schlaug G. Optimizating recovery potential through simultaneous occupational therapy and non-invasive brain-stimulation using tDCS Restor Neurol Neurosci 2011;29(6):411-420; doi:10.3233/RNN-2011-0612. [PDF]

Wan CY, Bazen L, Baars R, Libenson A, Zipse L, Zuk J, Norton A, Schlaug G. Auditory-Motor Mapping Training as an Intervention to Facilitate Speech Output in Non-Verbal Children with Autism: A Proof of Concept Study PLoS ONE 2011;6(9):e25505; doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025505. [PDF]

Vines BW, Norton AC, Schlaug G. Non-invasive brain stimulation enhances the effects of melodic intonation therapy Front Psychology 2011;2:230; doi 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00230. [PDF]

Schlaug G, Marchina S, Wan CY. The Use of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Techniques to Facilitate Recovery from Post-stroke Aphasia Neuropsychol Rev 2011;21:288-301; doi 10.1007/s11065-011-9181-y. [PDF]

Marchina S, Zhu LL, Norton A, Zipse L, Wan CY, Schlaug G Impairment of Speech Production Predicted by Lesion Load of the Left Arcuate Fasciculus Stroke 2011;42:2251-2256 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.606103. [PDF]

Zheng X, Alsop DC, Schlaug G. Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on human regional cerebral blood flow Neuroimage (in press) [PDF}

Halwani GF, Loui P, Ruber T, Schlaug G. Effects of practice and experience on the arcuate fasciculus: comparing singers, instrumentalists, and non-musicians Front Psychology 2011; doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00156. [PDF]

Lindenberg R, Zhu LL, Ruber T, Schlaug G. Predicting Functional Motor Potential in Chronic Stroke Patients Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging Hum Brain Mapp 2011 doi:10.1002/hbm.21266 (Epub ahead of print). [PDF]

Kumar S, Wagner CW, Frayne C, Zhu L, Selim M, Feng W, Schlaug G. Noninvasive Brain Stimulation May Improve Stroke-Related Dysphagia: A Pilot Study Stroke 2011;42:1035-1040. [PDF]

Loui P, Kroog K, Zuk J, Winner E, Schlaug G. Relating pitch awareness to phonemic awareness in children: implications for tone-deafness and dyslexia Front Psychology 2011;2:111; doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00111. [PDF]

2010

Loui P, Li HC, Schlaug G. White Matter Integrity in Right Hemisphere Predicts Pitch-Related Grammar Learning Neuroimage (in press) [PDF]

Wan CY, Schlaug G. Neural pathways for language in autism: the potential for music-based treatments. Future Neurol 2010;5(6):797-805. [PDF]

Lindenberg R, Renga V, Zhu LL, Nair D, Schlaug G. Bihemispheric brain stimulation facilitates motor recovery in chronic stroke patients. Neurology 2010:Nov10 (Epub ahead of print). [PDF]

Mathys C, Loui P, Zheng X, Schlaug G. Non-invasive brain stimulation applied to Heschl's gyrus modulates pitch discrimination. Front Psychology 2010;1:193. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00193. [PDF]
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Schlaug G, Norton A, Marchina S, Zipse L, Wan CY. From singing to speaking: facilitating recovery from nonfluent aphasia. Future Neurol. 2010;5(5):657-665. [PDF]

Wan CY, Schlaug G. Music Making as a Tool for Promoting Brain Plasticity across the Life Span. The Neuroscientist 2010;16(5):566-577. [PDF]

Loui P, Wan CY, Schlaug G. Neurological Bases of Musical Disorders and Their Implications for Stroke Recovery. Acoustics Today 2010;6(3):28-36. [PDF]

Zhu LL, Lindenberg R, Alexander MP, Schlaug G. Lesion Load of the Corticospinal Tract Predicts Motor Impairment in Chronic Stroke. Stroke 2010;41:910-915. [PDF]

Wan CY, Demaine K, Zipse L, Norton A, Schlaug G. From music making to speaking: Engaging the mirror neuron system in autism. Brain Research Bulletin 2010;82:161-168. [PDF]

Loui P, Li HC, Hohmann A, Schlaug G. Enhanced Cortical Connectivity in Absolute Pitch Musicians: A Model for Local Hyperconnectivity. J Cog Neurosci 2010;23(4):1015-1026. [PDF]

Loui P, Hohmann A, Schlaug G. Inducing Disorders in Pitch Perception and Production: a Reverse-Engineering Approach. POMA 2010;9:1-8. [PDF]

Wilson EC, Schlaug G. Listening to Filtered Music as a Treatment Option for Tinnitus: A Review. Music Perception 2010;27(4):327-330. [PDF]

Wan CY, Rueber T, Hohmann A, Schlaug G. The Therapeutic Effects of Singing in Neurological Disorders. Music Perception 2010;27(4):287-295. [PDF]

Schlaug G, Altenmueller E, Thaut M. Music Listening and Music Making in the Treatment of Neurological Disorders and Impairments. Music Perception 2010;27(4):249-250. [PDF]

Lindenberg R, Renga V, Zhu LL, Betzler F, Alsop D, Schlaug G. Structural integrity of corticospinal motor fibers predicts motor impairment in chronic stroke. Neurology 2010;74:280-287. [PDF]

2009

Schulze K, Gaab N, Schlaug G. Perceiving pitch absolutely: Comparing absolute and relative pitch possessors in a pitch memory task. BMC Neurosci 2009;10:106. [PDF]

Loui P, Alsop D, Schlaug G. Tone Deafness: A New Disconnection Syndrome? J Neurosci 2009;29(33):10215-10220. [PDF]

Norton A, Zipse L, Marchina S, Schlaug G. Melodic Intonation Therapy: Shared Insights on How It Is Done and Why It Might Help. Ann NY Acad Sci 2009;1169:431-436. [PDF]

Schlaug G, Marchina S, Norton A. Evidence for Plasticity in White-Matter Tracts of Patients with Chronic Broca's Aphasia Undergoing Intense Intonation-based Speech Therapy. Ann NY Acad Sci 2009;1169:385-394. [PDF]

Schlaug G. Listening to and Making Music Facilitates Brain Recovery Processes. Ann NY Acad Sci 2009;1169:372-373. [PDF]

Schlaug G, Forgeard M, Zhu L, Norton A, Norton A, Winner E. Training-induced Neuroplasticity in Young Children. Ann NY Acad Sci 2009;1169:205-208. [PDF]

Hyde KL, Lerch J, Norton A, Forgeard M, Winnder E, Evans AC, Schlaug G. The Effects of Musical Training on Structural Brain Development. Ann NY Acad Sci 2009;1169:182-186. [PDF]

Loui P, Schlaug G. Investigating Musical Disorders with Diffusion Tensor Imaging. NY Acad Sci 2009;1169:121-125. [PDF]

Hyde KL, Lerch J, Norton A, Forgeard M, Winner E, Evans AC, Schlaug G. Musical training shapes structural brain development. J Neurosci 2009;29:3019-3025. [PDF]

Bachorik JP, Bangert M, Loui P, Larke K, Berger J, Rowe R, Schlaug G. Emotion in Motion: Investigatin the time-course of emotional judgments of musical stimuli. Music Perception 2009;26:355-364. [PDF]

2008

Forgeard M, Winner E, Norton A, Schlaug G. Practicing a musical instrument in childhood is associated with enhanced verbal ability and nonverbal reasoning. PLoS ONE 2008; 3:e3566. [PDF]

Vines BW, Cerruti C, Schlaug G. Dual-hemisphere tDCS facilitates greater improvements in motor performance compared to uni-hemisphere stimulation. BMC Neurosci 2008;9:103. [PDF]

Vines BW, Nair DG, Schlaug G. Modulating activity in the motor cortex affects performance for the two hands differently depending upon which hemisphere is stimulated. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 28:1667-1673. [PDF]

Schlaug G and Renga V. Transcranial Direct current stimulation – a non-invasive tool to facilitate stroke recovery. Expert Rev Med Devices 2008; 5:759-768. [PDF]

Schlaug G, Renga V, Nair D. Transcranial direct current stimulation in stroke recovery. Arch Neurol 2008;65:1571-1576. [PDF]

Loui P, Gunther F, Mathys C, Schlaug G. Action-perception mismatch in Tone-Deafness. Action-perception mismatch in tone-deafness. Current Biology 2008;18:R331-332. [PDF]

Forgeard M, Schlaug G, Norton A, Winner E. The relation between musical and phonological processing in normal-reading and dyslexic children. Music Perception 2008;25:383-390. [PDF]

Schlaug G, Marchina S, Norton A. From singing to speaking: why patients with Broca's aphasia can sing and how that may lead to recovery of expressive language functions. Music Perception 2008;25:315-323. [PDF]

2007

Mandell J, Schulze K, Schlaug G. Congenital amusia - an auditor-motor feedback disorder?. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience 2007;25:323-334. [PDF]

Lahav A, Saltzman E, Schlaug G. Action representation of sound: audiomotor recognition network while listening to newly-acquired actions. J Neurosci 2007;27:308-314. [PDF]

2006

Nair D, Hutchinson S, Fregni F, Alexander M, Pascual-Leone, A, Schlaug G. Imaging correlates of motor recovery from cerebral infarction and their physiological significance in well-recovered patients. Neuroimage 2006;34;253-263. [PDF]

Ozdemir E, Norton A, Schlaug G. Form follows function. Specialization within the specialized. European J Neurosci 2006; 24:1832-1834. Shared and distinct neural correlates of singing and speaking. Neuroimage 2006;33:628-635. [PDF]

Bangert M, Schlaug G. Form follows function. Specialization within the specialized. European J Neurosci 2006; 24:1832-1834. Forms follows function. Specialization within the specialized. Eur J Neurosci 2006;24:1832-1834. [PDF]

Vines BW, Schnider NM, Schlaug G. Testing for causality with tDCS: pitch memory and the let supramarginal gyrus. Neuroreport 2006;17:1047-1050. [PDF]

Vines BW, Nair DG, Schlaug G. Contralateral and ipsilateral transcranial direct current stimulation. Neuroreport 2006;17:671-674. [PDF]

Duhamel G, Schlaug G, Alsop DC. Measurement of arterial input functions for dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI using echoplanar images: comparison of physical simulations with in-vivo results. Magn Reson Med 2006; 55:514-523.[PDF]

Gaab N, Gaser C, Schlaug G. Improvement-related functional plasticity following pitch memory training. Neuroimage 2006, in press. [PDF]

2005

Lahav A, Boulanger A, Schlaug G, Saltzman E. The power of listening. Auditory-motor interactions in musical training. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005;1060:189-194. [PDF]

Overy K, Norton A, Cronin K, Winner E, Schlaug G. Examining rhythm and melody processing in young children using fMRI. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005;1060:210-218. [PDF]

Schlaug G, Norton A, Overy K, Winner E. Effects of music training on brain and cognitive development. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005;1060:219-230. [PDF]

Savitz I, Schlaug G, Caplan L, Selim M. Arterial occlusive lesions recanalize more frequently in women than in men after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator administration for acute stroke. Stroke 2005;36:1447-1451. [PDF]

Walker, M, Stickgold R, Alsop D, Gaab N, Schlaug G. Sleep-dependent motor memory plasticity in the human brain. Neuroscience 2005;133:911-917. [PDF]

Alsop DC, Makovetskaya E, Kumar S, Selim M, Schlaug G. Markedly reduced apparent blood volume on bolus contrast MRI as a predictor of hemorrhage following thrombolytic therpy for acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2005;36:746-750.[PDF]

Selim M, Savitz S, Gomes J, Linfante I, Caplan L, Finley A, Schlaug G. Effect of pre-stroke use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on ischemic stroke severity. BMC Neurol 2005; Jun 10:5:10. [PDF]

Koelsch S, Fritz T, Schulze K, Alsop D, Schlaug G. Adults and children processing music: an fMRI study. Neuroimage 2005;25:1068-1076. [PDF]

Overy K, Norton A, Cronin K, Gaab N, Alsop D, Schlaug G. Imaging melody and rhythm processing in young children. Neuroreport 15:1723-1726. [PDF]

Norton A, Winner E, Cronin K, Overy K, Lee DJ, Schlaug G. Are there pre-existing neural, cognitive, or motoric markers for musical ability? Brain Cogn 2005;59:124-134. [PDF]

2004

Luders E, Gaser C, Jäncke L, Schlaug G. A voxel-based approach to gray-matter asymmetries. Neuroimage 2004;22:656-664. [PDF]

Hamilton R, Pascual-Leone A, Schlaug G. Absolute Pitch in Blind Musicians. Neuroreport 2004;15:803-806. [PDF]

Gaab N, Paetzold M, Becker M, Walker MP, Schlaug G. The influence of sleep on auditory learning – a behavioral study. Neuroreport 2004;15:731-734. [PDF]

Kobayashi M, Hutchinson S, Theoret H, Schlaug G, Pascual-Leone A. Repetitive TMS of the motor cortex improves ipsilateral sequential simple finger movements. Neurology 2004;62:91-99. [PDF]

2003

Gaser C, Schlaug G. Brain structures differ between musicians and non-musicians. J. Neuroscience 2003; 23:9240-9245. [PDF]

Gaab N, Schlaug G. The Effect of musicianship on pitch memory in performance matched groups. Neuroimage 2003;14:2291-2295. [PDF]

Kobayashi M, Hutchinson S, Schlaug G, Pascual-Leone A. Ipsilateral motor cortex activation on functional magnetic resonance imaging during unilateral hand movements is related to interhemispheric interactions. Neuroimage 2003; 20:2259-2270. [PDF]

Lee DJ, Chen Y, Schlaug G. Corpus callosum: musician and gender effects. NeuroReport 2003;14:205-209. [PDF]

Mottaghy F, Gangitano, M, Horkan C, Chen Y, Pascual-Leone A, Schlaug G. Repetitive TMS temporarily alters brain diffusion. Neurology 2003;60:1539-1541. [PDF]

Gaab N, Gaser C, Zaehle T, Chen Y, Schlaug G. Functional anatomy of pitch memory - a fMRI study with sparse temporal sampling. Neuroimage 2003;19:1417-1426. [PDF]

Gaab N, Keenan J, Schlaug G. The effects of gender on the neural substrates of pitch memory. J Cogn Neurosci 2003;15:810-820. [PDF]

Hutchinson S, Lee LHL, Gaab N, Schlaug G. Cerebellar volume: gender and musicianship effects. Cerebral Cortex 2003, in press. [PDF]

2002

Hutchinson S, Kobayashi M, Horkan C, Pascual-Leone A, Alexander M, Schlaug G. Age-related differences in movement representation. Neuroimage 2002;17:1720-1728. [PDF]

Selim M, Fink JN, Kumar S, Caplan LR, Horkan C, Chen Y, Linfante I, Schlaug G. Predictors of Hemorrhagic Transformation after intravenous rt-PA: Prognostic Value of The Initial Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Diffusion-Weighted Lesion Volume. Stroke 2002;33:2047-2052. [PDF]

Linfante I, Llinas R, Selim M, Chaves C, Caplan LR, Schlaug G. Clinical and vascular outcome in internal carotid artery versus middle cerebral artery occlusions after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. Stroke 2002;33:2066-2071. [PDF]

Fink JN, Kumar S, Horkan C, Linfante I, Selim M, Caplan LR, Schlaug G. The stroke patient who woke up: clinical and radiological features, including diffusion and perfusion MRI. Stroke 2002;33:988-993. [PDF]

Fink JN, Selim MH, Kumar S, Silver B, Linfante I, Caplan LR, Schlaug G. Is the association of NIH stroke scale scores and acute MRI stroke volume equal for patients with right and left hemisphere stroke? Stroke 2002;33:954-958. [PDF]

Sanger TD, Pascual-Leone A, Tarsy D, Schlaug G. fMRI evidence of sensory receptive fields spanning multiple fingers in Writer's cramp. Movement Disorders 2002;17:105-111. [PDF]

2001

Schlaug G. The brain of musicians: A model for functional and structural plasticity. Ann NY Acad Sci 2001;930: 281-299. [PDF]

Keenan JP, Halpern AR, Thangaraj V, Chen C, Edelman RR, Schlaug G. Absolute pitch and planum temporale. Neuroimage 2001;14:1402-1408. [PDF]

1997

Amunts K, Schlaug G, Jäncke L, Steinmetz H, Schleicher A, Dabringhaus A, Zilles K. Motor cortex and hand motor skills: structural compliance in the human brain. Human Brain Mapping 1997;5: 206-215. [PDF]

Jäncke L, Schlaug G, Steinmetz H. Hand skill asymmetry in professional musicians. Brain and Cognition 1997;34:424-432. [PDF]

1995

Schlaug G, Jäncke L, Huang Y, Staiger JF, Steinmetz H. Increased corpus callosum size in musicians. Neuropsychologia 1995;33:1047-1055. [PDF]

Schlaug G, Jäncke L, Huang Y, Steinmetz H. Musical ability [letter]. Science 1995;268:621-622. [PDF]

Schlaug G, Jäncke L, Huang Y, Steinmetz H. In vivo evidence of structural brain asymmetry in musicians. Science 1995;267:699-671. [PDF]